Dunstable is credited with the contenance angloise, or "English manner," which was his stylistic trait of using full triadic harmony. Known composers during this time were Leonel Power, John Dunstable, Gilles Binchois, and Guillaume Dufay. The most notable practitioner of this style was Guillaume de Machaut. During this period, secular music acquired polyphonic sophistication. The period of ars nova, or "new art," coined by Philippe de Vitry. Also known as the ars antiqua it is during this time when the motet (a short, sacred, choral song) initially developed. Rhythmic notation first appears during this period. The Notre Dame school of polyphony firmly takes root. Geisslerlieder music was simple and closely related to folk songs. The practice of flagellation was practiced by people whipping themselves with various instruments as a way to repent to God with hopes of ending the disease and wars of the time. The spread of geisslerlieder or flagellant songs. Consensus among music historianswith notable dissenthas been to start the era around 1400, with the end of the medieval era, and to close it around 1600, with the beginning of the baroque period, therefore commencing the musical Renaissance about a hundred years after the beginning of the Renaissance as understood in other disciplines. Minnesingers mainly sang of courtly love and some known minnesingers were Henric van Veldeke, Wolfram von Eschenbach, and Hartmann von Aue. This period was the birth of minnesang, which were lyrics and songs writing in Germany much like the troubadour tradition of France. Some known Goliards were Peter of Blois and Walter of Chatillon. The Goliards were a group of clergy who wrote satirical Latin poetry to mock the church. One of her works as a composer, the " Ordo Virtutum," is an early example of liturgical drama and arguably the oldest surviving morality play. Instruments, such as the vielle, harp, psaltery, flute, shawm, bagpipe, and drums were all used during the Middle Ages to accompany dances and singing. The lifetime of Hildegard von Bingen, a highly regarded abbess who was conferred the title of "doctor of the church" by Pope Benedict XVI. He is regarded as the inventor of modern musical notation. It was around this time when a new method to teach singing was invented by a Benedictine monk and choirmaster named Guido de Arezzo. Guillaume d'Aquitaine was one of the well-known troubadours with most themes centered around chivalry and courtly love. Also, the music of the troubadour and trouvère, a vernacular tradition of monophonic, secular song is accompanied by instruments and singers. There is no real independent second voice, so, it is not yet considered polyphony.ĭuring this time of liturgical musical drama unfolds throughout Europe. This type of song had a plainchant melody with at least one added voice to enhance the harmony. Medieval music covers a long period of music history that lasted throughout the Middle Ages and ended at the time of the Renaissance. It is an early form of counterpoint, which eventually led to polyphony. This pope was credited with bringing it to the West. It is also known as plainchant or plainsong and named after Pope St. During this time the Gregorian chant was developed.
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